Owing to their small size and fragile environment, the Talang Talang Islands have not been developed for tourism. It was Sarawak’s first marine park and includes the waters surrounding the two Talang Talang Islands and the two Satang Islands (Pulau Satang Besar and Pulau Satang Kecil, located off Damai Beach). Talang-Satang was gazetted in 1999 and covers an area of 19,414 hectares. The islands are Sarawak’s most important turtle conservation site and are part of the Talang Satang National Park.
Over 90% of turtle landings are from Green Turtles. These tiny islands serve as sanctuaries for Green and Hawksbill Turtles. Additional satellite tracking with increased representation of species, sexes and sizes of turtles, and regions is required to gather information on the distribution and movements of sea turtles in Korean waters.Pulau Talang Besar and Pulau Talang Kecil are located 30 minutes offshore from Sematan in Southwest Sarawak.
Compared with an immature green sea turtle that was released at Jeju Island, the adult green showed a markedly different migration pattern, suggesting that juvenile and adult greens move differently because of their peculiar life cycle and their stage of maturity, in addition to responses to temperature changes. turtle spent the winter in Jeju and Japan because of low water temperatures in the East Sea and South Sea during winter months, which were not suitable for turtle survival. The confirmation was made for the first time that the released green sea turtle migrated back to Korea after visiting Jeju Island and Japan for approximately 9 months. To investigate the distribution and migrations of sea turtles occurring in Korean waters, an adult female green sea turtle Chelonia mydas was tagged with a satellite transmitter and released at Busan in October 2009. Clearly, enforcement and collaboration, both regional and multinational are urgently needed in order to defeat the sea turtle poaching activities in this region. Despite the small sample size, our results highlighted the importance of protecting foraging grounds in Malaysia as exploitation at these areas will affect nearby and distant nesting populations of Green Turtle in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Mixed-stock analysis suggests the possible source populations for the Green Turtle carcasses were from Aru, Sulu Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, Berau, Sarawak and North-west Shelf. When compared with other foraging grounds in this region, the genetic diversity indices of the carcass samples were h = 0.8474 ± 0.04 and π = 0.0191 ± 0.01. Six mtDNA haplotypes were revealed (D2, C14, C8, C4, C3), including one previously undescribed haplotype. Using mixed-stock analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences, we aimed to determine the natal origin of Green Turtles poached from the foraging ground at Mantanani Island, northwest of Sabah, Malaysia. However, few studies have been conducted at foraging grounds and it is not known which nesting populations are affected by this exploitation. In recent years, harvesting of sea turtles at foraging grounds in Southeast Asia has increased. The results suggest an ontogenetic shift in foraging grounds and provide conservation implications for Southeast Asian green turtles. When estimating contributions by region rather than individual rookeries, results showed that Brunei Bay was sourced mainly from the Southeast Asian rookeries. Particularly, contribution from the Sulu Sea rookery was estimated to be the highest and lower confidence intervals were more than zero (≥24.36%).
Mixed-stock analysis (for both uninformative and informative prior weighting by population size) estimated the main contribution from the Southeast Asian rookeries of the Sulu Sea (mean ≥45.31%), Peninsular Malaysia (mean ≥17.42%), and Sarawak (mean ≥12.46%). Haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices of the Brunei Bay were 0.8444☐.0390 and 0.009350☐.004964, respectively. Most haplotypes contained identical sequences to haplotypes previously found in rookeries in the Western Pacific, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean. Twelve haplotypes were revealed in mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. A total of 42 green turtles were captured at Brunei Bay with curved carapace length ranging from 43.8 to 102.0 cm, and most sampled individuals were adults and large juveniles. Knowledge of genetics composition and growth stages of endangered green turtles, as well as the connectivity between nesting and foraging grounds is important for effective conservation.
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